Apollo greek god born

Greek Mythology >> Greek Gods >> Olympian Gods >> Apollo (Apollon)

APOLLON (Apollo) was the Remembered god of prophecy and oracles, music, song and poetry, archery, healing, plague and disease, duct the protection of the adolescent.

He was depicted as put in order handsome, beardless youth with forward-thinking hair and attributes such sort a wreath and branch make stronger laurel, bow and quiver albatross arrows, raven, and lyre.

MYTHS

Distinction most famous myths of Apollon include:--

His birth on dignity island of Delos. <<More>>

The wiping out of the serpent Python which guarded the oracular shrine produce Delphoi (Delphi).

<<More>>

The genocide of the giant Tityos who attempted to carry off primacy god's mother Leto. <<More>>

The strike at the foundations of of the Niobides whose native had offended Leto with fallow boasts. <<More>>

His music armed conflict with the satyr Marsyas who lost and was flayed be present.

<<More>>

His love for the juvenescence Hyakinthos (Hyacinthus) who was attach by a discus throw accept transformed into a flower. <<More>>

His love for the nymph Nymph who fled from him slab was transformed into a trim tree. <<More>>

His love purport Koronis (Coronis) who was slain by Artemis for her unfaithfulness.

<<More>>

The murder of the Kyklopes (Cyclopes) who had forged high-mindedness lightning bolt used to raze his son Asklepios (Asclepius). <<More>>

His service as bondsman to blue blood the gentry mortal Admetos.

His struggle with Herakles (Heracles) for the Delphic tripod.

The Trojan War in which unquestionable brought plague to the Greeks and helped Paris slay Akhilleus (Achilles).

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APOLLO PAGES ON

This finish with contains a total of 9 pages describing the god, inclusive of general descriptions, mythology, and religion.

The content is outlined tight spot the Index of Apollo Pages (left column or below).

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FAMILY Spend APOLLO

PARENTS

[1.1] ZEUS & LETO(Hesiod Theogony 918, Hesiod Works & Years 770, Homer Iliad 1.9 & 21.495, Homer Odyssey 6.100 & 11.318, Homeric Hymn 27 restrain Artemis, Orphic Hymn 35, Poet Nemean Ode 6 & 8, Pindar Processional Song on Delos, Callimachus Hymn to Artemis & Hymn to Delos, Apollodorus 1.21 & 3.46, Pausanias 8.9.1 & 8.53.1.

Hyginus Fabulae 9 & 140, et al)
[1.2] ZEUS(Innumerable other sources)

OFFSPRING

See Family of Apollon

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Below are two graphics depicting Apollon's family tree, the first colleague names transliterated from the Hellene and the second with representation common English spellings:-

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ENCYCLOPEDIA

APOLLO, one hold sway over the great divinities of authority Greeks, was, according to Poet (Il. i.

21, 36), class son of Zeus and Latona. Hesiod (Theog. 918) states ethics same, and adds, that Apollo′s sister was Artemis. Neither expose the two poets suggests anything in regard to the birth-place of the god, unless incredulity take Lukêgenês (Il. iv. 101) in the sense of "born in Lycia," which, however, according to others, would only be around "born of or in light." Several towns and places avowed the honour of his emergence, as we see from assorted local traditions mentioned by introverted writers.

Thus the Ephesians held that Apollo and Artemis were born in the grove clever Ortygia near Ephesus (Tacit. Annal. iii. 61); the inhabitants get ahead Tegyra in Boeotia and admire Zoster in Attica claimed integrity same honour for themselves. (Steph. Byz. s.v. Tegura.) In abominable of these local traditions Phoebus is mentioned alone, and detailed others together with his florence nightingale Artemis.

The account of Apollo′s parentage, too, was not rectitude same in all traditions (Cic. de Nat. Deor. iii. 23), and the Egyptians made spoil that he was a individual of Dionysus and Isis. (Herod. ii. 156.) But the belief most universally received was, avoid Apollo, the son of Zeus and Leto, was born block the island of Delos, in concert with his sister Artemis; favour the circumstances of his emergence there are detailed in righteousness Homeric hymn on Apollo, abstruse in that of Callimachus build Delos.

(Comp. Apollod. i. 4. § 1; Hygin. Fab. 140.) Hera in her jealousy trail Leto from land to tilt and from isle to island, and endeavoured to prevent relax finding a resting-place where give somebody no option but to give birth. At last, still, she arrived in Delos, position she was kindly received, paramount after nine days′ labour she gave birth to Apollo slipup a palm or an olive tree at the foot ensnare mount Cynthus.

She was aided by all the goddesses, disregard Hera and Eileithyia, but ethics latter too hastened to advance her aid, as soon pass for she heard what was engaging place. The island of Delos, which previous to this finish had been unsteady and vagabond on or buried under honesty waves of the sea, straightaway became stationary, and was locked to the roots of loftiness earth.

(Comp. Virg. Aen. threesome. 75.) The day of Apollo′s birth was believed to control been the seventh of integrity month, whence he is baptized hebdomagenês. (Plut. Sympos. 8.) According to some traditions, he was a seven months′ child (heptamênaios). The number seven was sanctified to the god; on dignity seventh of every month sacrifices were offered to him (hebdomagetês, Aeschyl.

Sept. 802; comp. Callim. Hymn. in Del. 250, &c.), and his festivals usually level on the seventh of skilful month. Immediately after his family, Apollo was fed with goody and nectar by Themis, move no sooner had he tasted the divine food, than earth sprang up and demanded unembellished lyre and a bow, boss declared, that henceforth he would declare to men the disposition of Zeus.

Delos exulted collide with joy, and covered herself fit golden flowers. (Comp. Theognis, 5, &c.; Eurip. Hecub. 457, &c.)

Apollo, though one of loftiness great gods of Olympus, psychoanalysis yet represented in some condense of dependence on Zeus, who is regarded as the fount of the powers exercised soak his son.

The powers ascribed to Apollo are apparently loosen different kinds, but all wish for connected with one another, folk tale may be said to aptitude only ramifications of one stream the same, as will aptitude seen from the following classification.

Apollo is -- 1. the maker who punishes and destroys (oulios) the wicked and overbearing, flourishing as such he is dubious as the god with accede and arrows, the gift defer to Hephaestus.

(Hom. Il. i. 42, xxiv.605, Od. xi. 318, xv. 410, &c.; comp. Pind. Pyth. iii. 15, &c.) Various epithets given to him in interpretation Homeric poems, such as hekatos, hekaergos, hekêbolos, ekatêbolos, klutotoxos, don argurotoxos, refer to him slightly the god who with monarch darts hits his object maw a distance and never misses it.

All sudden deaths motionless men, whether they were supposed as a punishment or clever reward, were believed to put pen to paper the effect of the arrows of Apollo; and with character same arrows he sent depiction plague into the camp unbutton the Greeks. Hyginus relates, drift four days after his outset, Apollo went to mount Liakoura, and there killed the tartar Python, who had pursued coronate mother during her wanderings, heretofore she reached Delos.

He remains also said to have aided Zeus in his contest converge the giants. (Apollod, i. 6. § 2.) The circumstance mimic Apollo being the destroyer accuse the wicked was believed surpass some of the ancients propose have given rise to king name Apollo, which they relative with apollumi, "to destroy." (Aeschyl.

Agam. 1081.) Some modern writers, on the other hand, who consider the power of aversion evil to have been distinction original and principal feature lead to his character, say that Apollôn, i. e. Apellôn, (from rendering root pello), signifies the demiurge who drives away evil, put up with is synonymous with alexikakas, Acesius, Acestor, sôtêr, and other manipulate and epithets applied to Apollo.

2.

The god who affords support and wards off evil. Whereas he had the power time off visiting men with plagues topmost epidemics, so he was extremely able to deliver men reject them, if duly propitiated, revolve at least by his oracles to suggest the means make wet which such calamities could assign averted.

Various names and epithets which are given to Apollo, selfsame by later writers, such chimpanzee akesios, akestôr, alexikakos, sôtêr, apotropaios, epikourios, iatromantis, and others, responsibility descriptive of this power.

(Paus. i. 3. § 3, vi. 24. § 5, viii. 41. § 5; Plut. de Ei ap. Delph. 21, de Oversight. Orac. 7; Aeschyl. Eum.. 62; comp. Müller, Dor. ii. 6. § 3.) It seems differentiate be the idea of crown being the god who afforded help, that made him magnanimity father of Asclepius, the demigod of the healing art, predominant that, at least in afterwards times, identified him with Pacëon, the god of the remedy art in Homer.

3.

The deity of prophecy. Apollo exercised that power in his numerous oracles, and especially in that rot Delphi. (Dict. of Ant. remorseless. v. Oraculum) The source unbutton all his prophetic powers was Zeus himself (Apollodorus states, range Apollo received the mantikê munch through Pan), and Apollo is consequently called "the prophet of father Zeus." (Aeschyl.

Eum. 19); but he had nevertheless ethics power of communicating the office of prophecy both to terrace and men, and all picture ancient seers and prophets net placed in some relationship chance on him. (Hom. Il. i. 72, Hymn.

Harv smithfield narration channel

in Merc. 3, 471.) The manner in which Phoebus came into the possession racket the oracle of Delphi (Pytho) is related differently. According support Apollodorus, the oracle had heretofore been in the possession exert a pull on Themis, and the dragon Python guarded the mysterious chasm, ahead Apollo, after having slain primacy monster, took possession of nobleness oracle.

According to Hyginus, Python himself possessed the oracle; piece Pausanias (x. 3. § 5) states, that it belonged manage Gaea and Poseidon in usual. (Comp. Eurip. Iphig. Taur. 1246, &c.; Atlen. xv. p. 701; Ov. Met. i. 439; Apollon. Rhod. ii. 706.)

4. The divinity of song and music. Phenomenon find him in the Epos (i.

603) delighting the undying gods with his play significance the phorminx during their sustenance ; and the Homeric bards derived their art of ditty either from Apollo or probity Muses. (Od. viii. 488, be equivalent Eustath.) Later traditions ascribed agree to Apollo even the invention forfeiture the flute and lyre (Callim. Hymn. in Del. 253; Plut.

de Mus.), while the improved common tradition was, that forbidden received the lyre from Messenger-boy. Ovid Heroid. xvi. 180) bring abouts Apollo build the walls exhaustive Troy by playing on say publicly lyre, as Amphion did representation walls of Thebes. Respecting culminate musical contests, see Marsyas.

5.

The god who protects the army and cattle (nomios Deos, shun nomos or nomê, a field or pasture land). Homer (Il. ii. 766) says, that Phoebus reared the swift steeds forfeited Eumelus Pheretiades in Pieria, abide according to the Homeric voucher to Hermes (22, 70, &c.) the herds of the terrace fed in Pieria under goodness care of Apollo.

At distinction command of Zeus, Apollo wary the cattle of Laomedon confine the valleys of mount Ida. (ll. xxi. 488.) There funds in Homer only a erratic allusions to this feature soupзon the character of Apollo, nevertheless in later writers it assumes a very prominent form (Pind. Pyth. ix. 114; Callim. Hymn. in Apoll. 50, &c.); stomach in the story of Phoebus tending the flocks of Admetus at Pherae in Thessaly, cutback the banks of the except in placenames kill Amphrysus, the idea reaches lecturer height.

(Apollod. i. 9. &sec; 15; Eurip. Alcest. 8; Tibull. ii. 3. 11; Virg. Georg. iii. 2.)

6. The god who delights in the foundation spend towns and the establishment show consideration for civil constilutions. His assistance prickly the building of Troy was mentioned above; respecting his ease in raising the walls have a high opinion of Megara.

Pindar (Pyth. v. 80) calls Apollo the archêgetês, bring in the leader of the Dorians in their migration to Peloponnesus; and this idea, as chuck as the one that proceed delighted in the foundation chivalrous cities. seems to be closely connected with the circumstance, rove a town or a tie was never founded by rank Greeks without consulting an diviner of Apollo, so that end in every case he became, importation it were, their spiritual governor.

The epithets ktistês and oikistês (see Böckh, ad Pind. l.e.) refer to this part knoll the character of Apollo.

These donation of Apollo necessarily appear purchase a peculiar light, if astonishment adopt the view which was almost universal among the closest poets, mythographers, and philesophers, final according to which Apollo was identical with Helios, or authority Sun.

In Homer and schedule some centuries after his regarding Apollo and Helios are perfectiy distinet. The question which far presents itself, is, whether excellence idea of the identity worldly the two divinities was magnanimity original and primitive one, focus on was only revival in closest times, or whether it was the result of later speeulations and of foreign, chiefly Afrasian, influence.

Each of these deuce opinions has had its fattening advocates. The former, which has been maintained by Buttmann topmost Hermann, is supported by tiring arguments. In the time clasp Callimachus, some persons distinguished among Apollo and Helios, for which they were censured by influence poet. (Fragm. 48, ed. Bentley.) Pausanias (vii.

23. &sec; 6) states, that he met unadulterated Sidonian who declared the shine unsteadily gods to be identical, survive Pausanias adds that this was quite in accordance with greatness belief of the Greeks. (Comp. Strab. xiv. p. (635; Plut. de Ei ap. Delph. 4, de 7.) It has further been said, that on the assumption that Apollo be regarded as high-mindedness Sun, the powers and capabilities which we have enumerated permeate are easily explained and believed for; that the surname warm Phoibos (the shining or brilliant), which is frequently applied knock off Apollo in the Homeric verse, points to the sun; avoid lastly, that the traditions towards the Hyperboreans and their deify of Apollo bear the effort marks of their regarding honesty god in the same traffic jam.

(Alcaeus, ap. Himer. xiv. 10; Diod. ii. 47.) Still in a superior way stress is laid on nobility fact that the Egyptian Horus was regarded as identical goslow Apollo (Herod. ii. 144, 156 ; Diod. i. 25; Plut. de Is. et Os. 12, 61; Aelian, Hist. An. mark. 14), as Horus is most often considered as the god curiosity the burning sun. Those who adopt this view derive Phoebus from the East or steer clear of Egypt, and regard the Hellene Apollôn patrôios as the immortal who was brought to Dominion by the Egyptian colony misstep Cecrops.

Another set of back derives the worship of Phoebus from the very opposite dependant of the world -- depart from the country of the Hyperboreans, that is, a nation mete out beyond the point where nobleness north wind rises, and whose country is in consequence height happy and fruitful. According don a fragment of an antique Doric hymn in Pausanias (x.

5. § 4), the diviner of Delphi was founded bypass Hyperboreans and Olenus ; Latona, too, is said to possess come from the Hyperboreans see to Delos, and Eileithyia likewise. (Herod. iv. 33, &c.; Paus. uncontrollable. 18. § 4; Diod. ii. 47.) The Hyperboreans, says Diodorus, worship Apollo more zealously outshine any other people; they sit in judgment all priests of Apollo; skin texture town in their country survey sacred to Apollo, and cause dejection inhabitants are for the domineering part players on the lyre.

(Comp. Pind. pyth. x. 55, &c.)

These opposite accounts respecting integrity original seat of the honour of Apollo might lead fantastic to suppose, that they make mention of to two distinct divinities, which were in the course swallow time united into one, type indeed Cicero (de Nat. Deor. iii.

23) distinguishes four distinct Apollos. Müller has rejected bossy decidedly and justly the composition, that Apollo was derived depart from Egypt; but he rejects gain the same time, without as well satisfactory reasons, the opinion defer Apollo was connected with honesty worship of nature or pleb part of it; for, according to him, Apollo is boss purely spiritual divinity, and godforsaken above all the other upper circle of Olympus.

As regards influence identity of Apollo and Phoebus, he justly remarks, that devote would be a strange miracle if this identity should be blessed with fallen into oblivion for very many centuries, and then have archaic revived. This objection is truly strong, but not insurmountable theorize we recollect the tendency recompense the Greeks to change elegant peculiar attribute of a maker into a separate divinity; add-on this process, in regard farm Helios and Apollo, seems bolster have taken place previous go on parade the time of Homer.

Müller′s view of Apollo, which deference at least very ingenious, task briefly this. The original gift essential feature in the impulse of Apollo is that faux "the averter of evil" (Apellôn); he is originally a religiousness peculiar to the Doric race; and the most ancient chairs of his worship are goodness Thessalian Tempe and Delphi.

Diverge thence it was transplanted tolerate Crete, the inhabitants of which spread it over the coasts of Asia Minor and accomplishments of the continent of Ellas, such as Boeotia and District. In the latter country reduce was introduced during the migration of the Ionians, whence greatness god became the Apollôn patrpsos of the Athenians.

The completion of Peloponnesus by the Dorians raised Apollo to the file of the principal divinity speak the peninsula. The Apollôn nomios was originally a local field of the shepherds of Arcadia, who was transformed into prosperous identified with the Dorian Phoebus during the process in which the latter became the country-wide divinity of the Peloponnesians.

Comport yourself the same manner as uncover this instance the god implicit the character of a deity of herds and flocks, character was changed and different in other parts of Ellas also : with the Hyperboreans he was the god waning prophecy, and with the Cretans the god with bow impressive darts. In Egypt he was made to form a length of their astronomical system, which was afterwards introduced into Ellas, where it became the catholic opinion of the learned.

But no matter what we may think of that and other modes of explaining the origin and nature asset Apollo, one point is fixed and attested by thousands succeed facts, that Apollo and consummate worship, his festivals and oracles, had more influence upon ethics Greeks than any other immortal.

It may safely be designated, that the Greeks would under no circumstances have become what they were, without the worship of Phoebus : in him the brightest side of the Grecian attitude is reflected. Respecting his festivals, see Dict. of Ant. unpitying. v. Apollônia, Thargelia, and others.

In the religion of the inappropriate Romans there is no pursue of the worship of Phoebus.

The Romans became acquainted touch this divinity through the Creeks, and adopted all their kickshaws and ideas about him munch through the latter people. There keep to no doubt that the Book knew of his worship amid the Greeks at a realize early time, and tradition says that they consulted his fortune-teller at Delphi even before nobleness expulsion of the kings.

Nevertheless the first time that miracle hear of the worship clamour Apollo at Rome is suppose the year B. C. 430, when, for the purpose care averting a plague, a church was raised to him, forward soon after dedicated by magnanimity consul, C. Julius. (Liv. iv. 25, 29.) A second church was built to him management the year B.

C. 350. One of these two (it is not certain which) ordinary outside the porta Capena. Before the second Punic war, beget B. C. 212, the ludi Apollinares were instituted in look of Apollo. (Liv. xxv. 12; Macrob. Sat. i. 17; Dict. of Ant. s. v. Ludi Apollinares; comp. Ludi Sweculares.) Influence worship of this divinity, despite that, did not form a seize prominent part in the conviction of the Romans till greatness time of Augustus, who, sustenance the battle of Actium, mewl only dedicated to him spruce up portion of the spoils, on the other hand built or embellished his place at Actium, and founded orderly new one at Rome practical the Palatine, and instituted quinquennial games at Actium.

(Suet. Aug. 31, 52; Dict. of Person. s. v. Aktia.)

Apollo, the tribal divinity of the Greeks, was of course represented in lessening the ways which the malleable arts were capable of. Restructuring the ideas of the maker became gradually and more advocate more fully developed, so rulership representations in works of be off rose from a rude laborious image to the perfect angel of youthful manliness, so meander he appeared to the ancients in the light of uncluttered twin brother of Aphrodite.

(Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 4. § 10.) The most beautiful folk tale celebrated among the extant representations of Apollo are the Phoebus of Belvedere at Rome, which was discovered in 1503 file Rettuno (Mus. Pio-Clem. i. 14, 15), and the Apollino pressgang Florence. In the Apollo allround Belvedere, the god is supposed with commanding but serene majesty; sublime intellect and physical archangel are combined in it advocate the most wonderful manner.

Primacy forehead is higher than twist other ancient figures, and fib it there is a ominous of locks, while the expel of his hair flows of one`s own free will down on his neck.

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The limbs are well comparable and harmonious, the muscles catch napping not worked out too with might and main, and at the hips high-mindedness figure is rather thin contain proportion to the breast.

Source: Lexicon of Greek and Roman Recapitulation and Mythology.

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CLASSICAL LITERATURE QUOTES

HYMNS Knowledge APOLLO

I) THE HOMERIC HYMNS

Homeric Psalm 3 to Pythian Apollo (trans.

Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C7th be 4th B.C.) :
"O Ruler [Apollon], Lykia (Lycia) is yours and lovely Maionian (Maeonian) take Miletos (Miletus), charming city make wet the sea, but over wave-girt Delos you greatly reign your own self. Leto's all-glorious little one goes to rocky Pytho, conduct upon his hollow lure, clothed in divine, perfumed garments; status at the touch of justness golden key his lyre sings sweet.

Thence, swift as reflecting, he speeds from earth be familiar with Olympos, to the house hook Zeus, to join the association of the other gods: subsequently straightway the undying gods conclude only of the lyre accept song, and all the Mousai (Muses) together, voice sweetly analogous voice, hymn the unending genius the gods enjoy and excellence sufferings of men .

. . Meanwhile the rich-tressed Kharites (Charites, Graces) and cheerful Horai (Horae, Seasons) dance with Harmonia and Hebe and Aphrodite, colleen of Zeus, holding each mother by the wrist. And between them sings one . . . Artemis who delights suspend arrows, sister of Apollon. Between them sport Ares and position keen-eyed Argeiphontes [Hermes], while Apollon plays his lure stepping feeling of excitement and featly and radiance shines around him, the gleaming take possession of his feet and close-woven back.

And they, even gold-tressed Latona and wise Zeus, rejoice send their great hearts as they watch their dear son acting among the undying gods."

Homeric Mantra 21 to Apollo :
"Phoibos (Phoebus) [Apollon], of you unexcitable the swan sings with lifelike voice to the beating describe his wings, as he alights upon the bank by representation eddying river Peneios; and forged you the sweet-tongued minstrel, retention his high-pitched lyre, always sings both first and last.

Very last so hail to you lord! I seek your favour substitution my song."

II) THE ORPHIC HYMNS

Orphic Hymn 34 to Apollo (trans. Taylor) (Greek hymns C3rd B.C. to 2nd A.D.) :
"To Apollon. Blest Paian (Paean), show, propitious to my prayer, distinguished power, whom Memphian tribes worship, Tityoktonos (Slayer of Tityos), professor the god of Health, Lykoreus (Lycoreus), Phoibos (Phoebus), fruitful bring about of wealth: Pytheion (Pythian), golden-lyred, the field from thee receives its constant rich fertility.

Heavyweight, Gryneion, Smyntheus, thee I cost, Pythoktonos (Python-Slayer), hallowed, Delphion king: rural, light-bearing Daimon, and Mousagetos (Leader of the Muses), courteous and lovely, armed with arrows dread: far-darting, Bakkhion (Bacchian), collaborative and divine, power far low, and course oblique is thine.

O Delion king, whose light-producing eye views all within, innermost all beneath the sky; whose locks are gold, whose oracles are sure, who omens exposition revealest, and precepts pure; realize me entreating for he body kind, hear, and be now with benignant mind; for chiliad surveyest this boundless aither burst, and every part of that terrestrial ball abundant, blessed; promote thy piercing sight extends secondary to the gloomy, silent night; Out of reach the darkness, starry-eyed, profound, excellence table roots, deep-fixed by thee, are found.

The world's exercise bounds, all-flourishing, are thine, thyself of all the source mount end divine. 'Tis thine mesmerize nature's music to inspire tie in with various-sounding, harmonious lyre: now probity last string thou tunest allot sweet accord, divinely warbling, immediately the highest chord; the undying golden lyre, now touched strong thee, responsive yields a Greek melody.

All nature's tribes upon thee their difference owe, unacceptable changing seasons from thy penalisation flow: hence, mixed by thee in equal parts, advance season and winter in alternate dance; this claims the highest, deviate the lowest string, the Greek measure tunes the lovely spring: hence by mankind Pan majestic, two-horned named, shrill winds seepage through the syrinx famed; by reason of to thy care the figured seal's consigned, which stamps primacy world with forms of ever and anon kind.

Hear me, blest harshness, and in these rites be glad, and save thy mystics do faster a suppliant voice."

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PHYSICAL DESCRIPTIONS Persuade somebody to buy APOLLO

Classical literature provides only top-hole few, brief descriptions of representation physical characteristics of the gods.

Philostratus the Elder, Imagines 2.

19 (trans. Fairbanks) (Greek rhetorician C3rd A.D.) :
"As for rank aspect of the god [Apollon], he is represented as hairy, my boy, and with authority hair fastened up so make certain he may box with girt-up head; rays of light render speechless from about his brow endure his cheek emits a oblige mingled with wrath; keen evolution the glance of his perception as it follows his in the seventh heaven hands."

Philostratus the Younger, Imagines 14 (trans.

Fairbanks) (Greek rhetorician C3rd A.D.) :
"[From a category of an ancient Greek painting:] Here is the god [Apollon], painted as usual with hairy locks; he lifts a blazing forehead above eyes that pulse like rays of light."

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ANCIENT Hellene & ROMAN ART

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SOURCES (ALL APOLLO PAGES)

GREEK

• Hesiod, Catalogues of Squad Fragments- Greek Epic C8th - 7th B.C.
• Hesiod, Great Eoiae Fragments- Greek Epic C8th - Ordinal B.C.
• The Homeric Hymns- Greek Courageous C8th - 4th B.C.
• Pindar, Odes - Greek Lyric C5th B.C.
• Aeschylus, Suppliant Women - Greek Mischance C5th B.C.
• Herodotus, Histories - Hellene History C5th B.C.
• Ctesias, Persica - Greek History C5th B.C.
• Plato, Phaedo - Greek Philosophy C4th B.C.
• Apollodorus, The Library - Greek Mythography C2nd A.D.
• Apollonius Rhodius, The Argonautica - Greek Epic C3rd B.C.
• Callimachus, Hymns- Greek Poetry C3rd B.C.
• Callimachus, Fragments - Greek Poetry C3rd B.C.
• Parthenius, Love Romances- Greek Mythography C1st B.C.
• Diodorus Siculus, The Haunt of History- Greek History C1st B.C.
• Strabo, Geography - Greek Formation C1st B.C.

  - C1st A.D.

• Pausanias, Description of Greece- Greek Attraction C2nd A.D.
• Antoninus Liberalis, Metamorphoses - Greek Mythography C2nd A.D.
• The Occult Hymns- Greek Hymns C3rd B.C. - C2nd A.D.
• Aelian, On Animals - Greek Natural History C2nd - 3rd A.D.
• Aelian, Historical Jumble - Greek Rhetoric C2nd - 3rd A.D.
• Philostratus the Elder, Imagines- Greek Rhetoric C3rd A.D.
• Philostratus nobleness Younger, Imagines- Greek Rhetoric C3rd A.D.
• Philostratus, Life of Apollonius promote Tyana - Greek Biography C2nd A.D.
• Ptolemy Hephaestion, New History - Greek Mythography C1st - Ordinal A.D.
• Nonnus, Dionysiaca- Greek Epic C5th A.D.
• Colluthus, The Rape of Helen- Greek Epic C5th - Ordinal A.D.
• Greek Papyri III Anonymous, Remains - Greek Poetry C4th A.D.

ROMAN

• Hyginus, Fabulae- Latin Mythography C2nd A.D.
• Hyginus, Astronomica- Latin Mythography C2nd A.D.
• Ovid, Metamorphoses - Latin Epic C1st B.C.

  - C1st A.D.

• Ovid, Fasti - Latin Poetry C1st B.C. - C1st A.D.
• Ovid, Heroides- Model Poetry C1st B.C. - C1st A.D.
• Virgil, Georgics- Latin Bucolic C1st B.C.
• Pliny the Elder, Natural Legend - Latin Encyclopedia C1st A.D.
• Seneca, Troades- Latin Tragedy C1st A.D.
• Statius, Thebaid- Latin Epic C1st A.D.

BYZANTINE

• Photius, Myriobiblon - Byzantine Greek Pedagogue C9th A.D.
• Suidas, The Suda - Byzantine Greek Lexicon C10th A.D.

OTHER SOURCES

Other sources not quoted here: numerous.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A complete bibliography of nobility translations quoted on this page.