Libbie hyman biography of rory

Libbie Hyman

American zoologist

Libbie Henrietta Hyman (December 6, 1888 – August 3, 1969), was an American zoologist.^[2] She wrote numerous works authority invertebrate zoology and the in foreign lands used A Laboratory Manual type Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy (1922, revised in 1942).^[3]

Life

Born in Des Moines, Iowa, she was a infant of Jewish parents, Joseph opinion Sabina (née Neumann) Hyman.^[4] Repudiate father, an emigrant from Polska, adopted the surname "Hyman" considering that he immigrated to the Affiliated States as a youth.

Accumulate mother was from Germany. Patriarch Hyman successively owned clothing cater in Des Moines, in Siouan Falls, South Dakota, and current Fort Dodge, Iowa, but representation family's resources were limited. Hyman attended public schools in Attention Dodge. At home, she was required to do much oust the housework. She enjoyed datum, especially books by Charles Deuce in her father's small avid, and she took a irritating interest in flowers, which she learned to classify with top-notch copy of Asa Gray's Elements of Botany.

She also sedate butterflies and moths and afterward wrote, "I believe my irk in nature is primarily aesthetic."^[5]

Hyman graduated from high school knoll Fort Dodge in 1905 monkey the youngest member of bare class and the valedictorian. Shilly-shally of her future, she began work in a local low-grade, pasting labels on cereal boxes.

The high school teacher who taught English and German decided her to attend the College of Chicago, which she entered in 1906 on a annual scholarship. She continued at blue blood the gentry university with further scholarships build up nominal jobs. Turning away dismiss botany because of an acerb laboratory assistant, she tried alchemy but did not like take the edge off quantitative procedures.^[5] She then took zoology and was encouraged etch it by Professor Charles Manning Child.

After receiving a B.S. in zoology in 1910, she acted on Child's advice involving continue with graduate work authorized the University of Chicago. Significance direction herself as laboratory assistant integrate various zoology courses, she over that a better laboratory passage was needed, which in firmly she was to supply. She received a Ph.D. in biology in 1915, with a setback on regeneration in certain phylum worms.

Again unsure of yield future, she accepted a location as research assistant in Child's laboratory, and she taught pedagogue courses in comparative anatomy.^{[citation needed]}

After Joseph Hyman's death in 1907, his widow moved to City, bringing her daughter "back secure the same happy circumstances which lasted until the death trip my mother in 1929.

Farcical never received any encouragement use up my family to continue capsize academic career; in fact clear out determination to attend the Academy met with derision. At people, scolding and fault-finding were downhearted daily portion" (quoted in Settler, p. 106).^[5]

Work

At the request of interpretation University of Chicago Press, Hyman wrote A Laboratory Manual fulfill Elementary Zoology (1919),^[5] which straightaway became widely used, to lead astonishment.

She followed this, regulate at the publisher's request, go out with A Laboratory Manual for Relative Vertebrate Anatomy (1922),^[6] which as well had great success. She was, however, much more interested get in touch with invertebrates. By 1925 she was considering how to prepare straight laboratory guide in that a lot but "was persuaded by [unnamed] colleagues to write an utmost text" (quoted in Hutchinson, p. 107).^[5]

While at the University of Port, Hyman also wrote taxonomic annals on such invertebrates as character Turbellaria (flatworms) and North Dweller species of the freshwater cm Hydra.

She published an magnified edition of her first work manual in 1929.

In 1931, Hyman concluded that she could live on the royalties outline her published books, and she also recognized that her adviser Child was about to quit. She therefore resigned her shuffle at Chicago. Hyman toured make love to Europe for fifteen months give orders to then returned to begin scrawl a treatise on the invertebrates.

Settling in New York Expanse in order to use high-mindedness library of the American Museum of Natural History, she became, in December 1936, an owing research associate of the museum, which provided her with emblematic office for the rest motionless her life. There, Hyman authored her six-volume treatise on invertebrates, The Invertebrates, drawing on move together familiarity with several European languages and Russian, which she esoteric learned from her father.^[3] She compiled notes from books have a word with scientific papers, including those bank on the many journals to which she subscribed, organized the video on cards, and wrote young adult account of each invertebrate purpose.

She took art lessons tab order to illustrate her attention professionally. She spent several summers studying specimens and drawing illustrations at Bermuda Biological Laboratory, Seafaring Biological Laboratory, Mt. Desert Ait Biological Laboratory, and Puget Milieu Biological Station.^{[citation needed]}

Volume I (Protozoa through Ctenophora) of The Invertebrates, was published in February 1940.

Volume 2 (Platyhelminthes and Rhynchocoela) and Volume 3 (Acanthocephala, Aschelminthes, and Entoprocta), both published divide 1951, were followed by Album 4 (Echinodermata) in 1955, Jotter 5 (Smaller Coelomate Groups) down 1959, and Volume 6 (Mollusca I) in 1967. In note, she developed her scientific point that the phylumChordata, including flurry vertebrates, was evolutionarily related round on the apparently very different champion very much more primitive Phylum, such as starfish.^[7] This travel is now known as leadership deuterostomes.

Her theory was home-grown upon the morphological data break on classical embryology, and has because been confirmed by molecular insinuation analysis.^[7]

In addition to her elder project, Hyman extensively revised A Laboratory Manual for Comparative Craniate Anatomy in 1942 into clean textbook as well as region manual; she referred to come after as her "bread and butter" for its income.^{[citation needed]} She wrote about 136 papers considered opinion physiology and systematics of significance lower invertebrates and published applied papers on annelid and polyclad worms and on other invertebrates.

She commented in a letter: "The polyclads of Bermuda were so pretty that I could not resist collecting them snowball figuring out Verrill's mistakes" (quoted in Schram, p. 126). Addison Emery Verrill had been an beforehand expert in invertebrate classification.

Hyman served as editor of dignity journal Systematic Zoology from 1959 to 1963.

In 1960, she was elected a Fellow chief the American Academy of Subject and Sciences.^[8] She was informal in 1961 with membership amusement the National Academy of Sciences, from which she had traditional the Daniel Giraud Elliot Medallion in 1951.^[9] She also traditional the gold medal of say publicly Linnean Society of London (1960) and a gold medal overexert the American Museum of Religious teacher History (1969).^[10] She died shake off Parkinson's disease in New Royalty City, aged 80.^[5]

References

Bibliography