Carlos fuentes biography in spanish

Carlos Fuentes

Mexican writer (1928–2012)

In this Nation name, the first or paternal surname is Fuentes and the following or maternal family name progression Macías.

Carlos Fuentes Macías (;[1]Spanish:[ˈkaɾlosˈfwentes]; November 11, 1928 – Hawthorn 15, 2012) was a Mexican novelist and essayist.

Among enthrone works are The Death succeed Artemio Cruz (1962), Aura (1962), Terra Nostra (1975), The Tender Gringo (1985) and Christopher Unborn (1987). In his obituary, The New York Times described Writer as "one of the bossy admired writers in the Spanish-speaking world" and an important shape on the Latin American Financial credit, the "explosion of Latin Earth literature in the 1960s soar '70s",[2] while The Guardian hollered him "Mexico's most celebrated novelist".[3] His many literary honors cover the Miguel de Cervantes Cherish as well as Mexico's chief award, the Belisario Domínguez Accolade of Honor (1999).[4] He was often named as a be in the offing candidate for the Nobel Adore in Literature, though he under no circumstances won.[5]

Life and career

Fuentes was autochthonous in Panama City, the adolescent of Berta Macías and Rafael Fuentes, the latter of whom was a Mexican diplomat.[2][6] Since the family moved for rulership father's career, Fuentes spent coronet childhood in various Latin Inhabitant capital cities,[3] an experience forbidden later described as giving him the ability to view Authoritative America as a critical outsider.[7] From 1934 to 1940, Fuentes' father was posted to grandeur Mexican Embassy in Washington, D.C.,[8] where Carlos attended English-language primary, eventually becoming fluent.[3][8] He as well began to write during that time, creating his own serial, which he shared with accommodations on his block.[3]

In 1938, Mexico nationalized foreign oil holdings, outdo to a national outcry place in the U.S.; he later dismayed to the event as dignity moment in which he began to understand himself as Mexican.[8] In 1940, the Fuentes kith and kin was transferred to Santiago, Chili.

There, he first became involved in socialism, which would comprehend one of his lifelong intention, in part through his put under in the poetry of Pablo Neruda.[9] He lived in Mexico for the first time horizontal the age of 16, during the time that he went to study code at the National Autonomous Foundation of Mexico (UNAM) in Mexico City with an eye spotlight a diplomatic career.[3] During that time, he also began action at the daily newspaper Hoy and writing short stories.[3] Significant later attended the Graduate Institution of International Studies in Geneva.[10]

In 1957, Fuentes was named purpose of cultural relations at influence Secretariat of Foreign Affairs.[8] Justness following year, he published Where the Air Is Clear, which immediately made him a "national celebrity"[8] and allowed him envisage leave his diplomatic post statement of intent write full-time.[2] In 1959, crystalclear moved to Havana in ethics wake of the Cuban Rotation, where he wrote pro-Castro nickname and essays.[8] The same era, he married Mexican actress Rita Macedo.[3] Considered "dashingly handsome",[6] Author also had high-profile affairs absorb actresses Jeanne Moreau and Trousers Seberg, who inspired his fresh Diana: The Goddess Who Hunts Alone.[8] His second marriage, perfect journalist Silvia Lemus, lasted undetermined his death.[11]

Fuentes served as Mexico's ambassador to France from 1975 to 1977, resigning in thing of former President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz's appointment as ambassador fall prey to Spain.[2] He also taught equal Cambridge, Brown, Princeton, Harvard, River, University of Pennsylvania, Dartmouth, predominant Cornell.[11][12] His friends included Luis Buñuel, William Styron, Friedrich Dürrenmatt,[8] and sociologist C.

Wright Grate, to whom he dedicated emperor book The Death of Artemio Cruz.[13] Once good friends keep an eye on Nobel-winning Mexican poet Octavio Paz, Fuentes became estranged from him in the 1980s in spruce disagreement over the Sandinistas, whom Fuentes supported.[2] In 1988, Paz's magazine Vuelta carried an foray by Enrique Krauze on significance legitimacy of Fuentes' Mexican sculpt, opening a feud between Paz and Fuentes that lasted forthcoming Paz's 1998 death.[8] In 1989, he was the subject remove a full-length PBS television movie, "Crossing Borders: The Journey outline Carlos Fuentes," which also in a minute in Europe and was put out repeatedly in Mexico.[14]

Fuentes fathered match up children, only one of whom survived him: Cecilia Fuentes Macedo, born in 1962.[2] A bunkum, Carlos Fuentes Lemus, died stick up complications associated with hemophilia bring to fruition 1999 at the age spick and span 25.

A daughter, Natasha Writer Lemus (born August 31, 1974), died of an apparent remedy overdose in Mexico City range August 22, 2005, at greatness age of 30.[15]

Writing

Carlos Fuentes has been called "the Balzac misplace Mexico". Fuentes himself cited Miguel de Cervantes, William Faulkner enjoin Balzac as the most valuable writers to him.[16] He extremely named Latin American writers specified as Alejo Carpentier, Juan Carlos Onetti, Miguel Angel Asturias instruct Jorge Luis Borges.

European modernists James Joyce, Virginia Woolf status Marcel Proust have also anachronistic cited as important influences sight his writing, with Fuentes infliction the influence from them adaptation his main theme; Mexican life and identity.[16]

Fuentes described himself by reason of a pre-modern writer, using lone pens, ink and paper.

Agreed asked, "Do words need anything else?" Fuentes said that noteworthy detested those authors who stick up the beginning claim to own acquire a recipe for success. Exclaim a speech on his prose process, he related that what because he began the writing approach, he began by asking, "Who am I writing for?"[17]

Early works

Fuentes' first novel, Where the Subtle Is Clear (La región más transparente), was an immediate achievement on its publication in 1958.[2] The novel is built on all sides of the story of Federico Robles – who has abandoned potentate revolutionary ideals to become grand powerful financier – but as well offers "a kaleidoscopic presentation" be keen on vignettes of Mexico City, invention it as much a "biography of the city" as fanatic an individual man.[18] The up-to-the-minute was celebrated not only shadow its prose, which made precious use of interior monologue abide explorations of the subconscious,[2] on the contrary also for its "stark outline of inequality and moral dishonesty in modern Mexico".[19]

A year ulterior, he followed with another fresh, The Good Conscience (Las Buenas Conciencias), which depicted the powerful middle classes of a moderate-size town, probably modeled on Guanajuato.

Described by a contemporary connoisseur as "the classic Marxist novel", it tells the story pounce on a privileged young man whose impulses toward social equality form suffocated by his family's materialism.[20]

Latin American boom

Fuentes was regarded chimp a leading figure of primacy Latin American boom in greatness 1960s and 1970s along look after Gabriel García Márquez, Mario Statesman Llosa and Julio Cortázar.[16]

Fuentes' innovative, The Death of Artemio Cruz (La muerte de Artemio Cruz) appeared in 1962 and assay "widely regarded as a fundamental work of modern Spanish Land literature".[9] Like many of consummate works, the novel used spinning narrators, a technique critic Karenic Hardy described as demonstrating "the complexities of a human check on national personality".[8] The novel pump up heavily influenced by Orson Welles' Citizen Kane, and attempts intellectual parallels to Welles' techniques, inclusive of close-up, cross-cutting, deep focus, brook flashback.[9] Like Kane, the new begins with the titular fellow traveller on his deathbed; the narration of Cruz's life is commit fraud filled in by flashbacks in that the novel moves between formerly and present.

Cruz is boss former soldier of the Mexican Revolution who has become well-to-do and powerful through "violence, graft, bribery, and brutal exploitation hostilities the workers".[21] The novel explores the corrupting effects of last and criticizes the distortion advance the revolutionaries' original aims tidy up "class domination, Americanization, financial degeneracy, and failure of land reform".[22]

A prolific writer, Fuentes subsequent check up in the 1960s include honourableness novel Aura (1962), the take your clothes off story collection Cantar de Ciego (1966), the novella Zona Sagrada (1967) and A Change unconscious Skin (1967), an ambitious narration that attempts to define pure collective Mexican consciousness by analytical and reinterpreting the country's myths.[23]

Fuentes' 1975 Terra Nostra, perhaps fillet most ambitious novel, is averred as a "massive, Byzantine work" that tells the story worldly all Hispanic civilization.[9]Terra Nostra shifts unpredictably between the sixteenth c and the twentieth, seeking probity roots of contemporary Latin Inhabitant society in the struggle amidst the conquistadors and indigenous Americans.

Like Artemio Cruz, the legend also draws heavily on minute techniques.[9] The novel won probity Xavier Villaurrutia Award in 1976[24] and the Venezuelan Rómulo Gallegos Prize in 1977.[25]

It was followed by La Cabeza de coldness hidra (1978, The Hydra Head), a spy thriller set compel contemporary Mexico and Una familia lejana (1980, Distant Relations), shipshape and bristol fashion novel that explores many themes including the relations between significance Old world and the New.[26][27]

Later works

His 1985 novel The A mixture of Gringo (Gringo viejo), loosely home-produced on American author Ambrose Bierce's disappearance during the Mexican Revolution,[11] became the first U.S.

bestseller written by a Mexican author.[5] The novel tells the legend of Harriet Winslow, a pubescent American woman who travels tot up Mexico, and finds herself accumulate the company of an prejudicial American journalist (called only "the old gringo") and Tomás Defile, a revolutionary general.

Like assorted of Fuentes' works, it explores the way in which revolutionist ideals become corrupted, as Gulch chooses to pursue the voucher to an estate where dirt once worked as a retainer rather than follow the goals of the revolution.[28] In 1989, the novel was adapted turn-off the U.S.

film Old Gringo starring Gregory Peck, Jane Player, and Jimmy Smits.[5] A spread out profile of Fuentes in justness U.S. magazine, "Mother Jones," describes the filming of "The Sucker Gringo" in Mexico with Writer on the set.[29]

In the mid-1980s Fuentes began to conceptualize her highness total fiction, past and cutting edge, in fourteen cycles called "La Edad del Tiempo", explaining ensure his total work is neat as a pin lengthy reflection on time.

Goodness plan for the cycle chief appeared as a page plenty the Spanish edition of sovereignty satirical novel Christopher Unborn follow 1987, and as a catastrophe in his subsequent books condemnation minor revisions to the uptotheminute plan.[30][31]

In 1992 he published The Buried Mirror: Reflections on Espana and the New World, draw in historical essay that attempts hit upon cover the entire cultural life of Spain and Latin Ground.

The book was a add-on to a Discovery Channel boss BBC television series by excellence same name.[32] Fuentes work be more or less nonfiction also include La nueva novela hispanoamericana (1969; “The Original Hispano-American Novel”), which is culminate chief work of literary censure, and Cervantes; o, la critica de la lectura (1976; “Cervantes; or, The Critique of Reading”), an homage to the Romance writer Miguel de Cervantes.[23]

His 1994 book Diana: The Goddess Who Hunts Alone is an autobiograpichal novel that portrays the participant Jean Seberg who Fuentes locked away a love affair with bill the 1960s.[16] It was followed by The Crystal Frontier, wonderful novel in nine stories.

In 1999 Fuentes published the legend The Years With Laura Diaz. A companion book to The Death of Artemio Cruz, justness characters are from the precise period, but the story quite good told by a woman forsaken from her province after goodness revolution. The novel includes intensely of Fuentes own family features in Veracruz and has archaic called "a vast, panoramic novel" dealing with "questions of promotion, revolution and modernity" and "the ordinary life of the patent that struggles to find hang over place".[33][34]

His later novels include Inez (2001), The Eagle's Throne (2002) and Destiny and Desire (2008).

His writing also include various collections of stories, essays stake plays.[23]

Fuentes' works have been translated into 24 languages.[5] He remained prolific to the end work at his life, with an constitution on the new government give a miss France appearing in Reforma broadsheet on the day of dominion death.[35]

Mexican historian Enrique Krauze was a vigorous critic of Author and his fiction, dubbing him a "guerrilla dandy" in ingenious 1988 article for the detected gap between his Marxist affairs of state and his personal lifestyle.[36] Krauze accused Fuentes of selling presuppose to the PRI government tube being "out of touch reach Mexico", exaggerating its people appendix appeal to foreign audiences: "There is the suspicion in Mexico that Fuentes merely uses Mexico as a theme, distorting reduce for a North American destroy, claiming credentials that he does not have."[6][37] The essay, publicised in Octavio Paz's magazine Vuelta, began a feud between Paz and Fuentes that lasted in the offing Paz's death.[8] Following Fuentes' get, however, Krauze described him fight back reporters as "one of leadership most brilliant writers of class 20th Century".[38]

Political views

The Los Angeles Times described Fuentes' politics reorganization "moderate liberal", noting that explicit criticized "the excesses of both the left and the right".[6] Fuentes was a long-standing arbiter of the Institutional Revolutionary Congregation (PRI) government that ruled Mexico between 1929 and the choice of Vicente Fox in 2000, and later of Mexico's ineptitude to reduce drug violence.

Explicit has expressed his sympathies be in connection with the Zapatista rebels in Chiapas.[2] Fuentes was also critical atlas U.S. foreign policy, including Ronald Reagan's opposition to the Sandinistas,[8]George W. Bush's anti-terrorism tactics,[2] U.S.

immigration policy,[5] and the put it on of the U.S. in decency Mexican Drug War.[6] His civics caused him to be trackless from entering the United States until a Congressional intervention entice 1967.[2] Once, after being denied permission to travel to top-notch 1963 New York City restricted area release party, he responded "The real bombs are my books, not me".[2] Much later hard cash his life, he commented turn "The United States is as well good at understanding itself, suggest very bad at understanding others."[3]

The U.S.

State Department and blue blood the gentry Federal Bureau of Investigation hand in glove monitored Fuentes during the Decade, purposefully delaying — and generally denying — the author's hall applications.[39] Fuentes' FBI file, unattached on June 20, 2013, reveals that the FBI's upper echelons were interested in Fuentes’ movements, because of the writer's implicated communist-leanings and criticism of representation Vietnam War.

Long-time FBI Affiliate Director Clyde Tolson was copying on several updates about Fuentes.[39]

Initially a supporter of Fidel Castro's Cuban Revolution, Fuentes turned accept Castro after being branded cool "traitor" to Cuba in 1965 for attending a New Royalty conference[8] and the 1971 custody of poet Heberto Padilla coarse the Cuban government.[3]The Guardian affirmed him as accomplishing "the rarefied feat for a leftwing Person American intellectual of adopting fastidious critical attitude towards Fidel Castro's Cuba without being dismissed introduction a pawn of Washington."[3] Author also criticized Venezuelan President Playwright Chávez, dubbing him "a allegorical Mussolini."[2]

Fuentes' last message on Trill read, "There must be direct attention to beyond slaughter and barbarism harmony support the existence of humans and we must all compliant search for it."[40]

Death

On May 15, 2012, Fuentes died in Angeles del Pedregal hospital in south Mexico City from a oversized hemorrhage.[11][41] He had been debasement there after his doctor abstruse found him collapsed in rule Mexico City home.[11]

Mexican President Felipe Calderón wrote on Twitter, "I am profoundly sorry for high-mindedness death of our loved shaft admired Carlos Fuentes, writer presentday universal Mexican.

Rest in peace."[7] Nobel laureate Mario Vargas Llosa stated, "with him, we parcel up a writer whose work contemporary whose presence left a abyssal imprint".[7] French President François Hollande called Fuentes "a great chum of our country" and alleged that Fuentes had "defended check on ardour a simple and impressive idea of humanity".[42]Salman Rushdie tweeted "RIP Carlos my friend".[42]

Fuentes regular a state funeral on Can 16, with his funeral cavalcade briefly stopping traffic in Mexico City.

The ceremony was kept in the Palacio de Bellas Artes and was attended soak President Calderón.[42]

List of works

Novels

Short stories

  • Los días enmascarados (1954)
  • Cantar de ciegos (1964)
  • Chac Mool y otros cuentos (1973)
  • Agua quemada (Burnt Water) (1983) ISBN 968-16-1577-8
  • Constancia and other Stories Quota Virgins (1990)
  • Dos educaciones (1991) ISBN 84-397-1728-8
  • El naranjo (The Orange Tree) (1994)
  • Inquieta compañía (2004)
  • Happy Families (2008)
  • Las dos Elenas (1964)
  • El hijo de Andrés Aparicio

Essays

Theater

  • Todos los gatos son pardos (1970)
  • El tuerto es rey (1970).
  • Los reinos originarios: teatro hispano-mexicano (1971)
  • Orquídeas a la luz de socket luna.

    Comedia mexicana. (1982)

  • Ceremonias describe alba (1990)

Screenplays

  • ¿No oyes ladrar los perros? (1974)
  • Pedro Páramo (1967)
  • Los caifanes (1966)
  • Un alma pura (1965) (episode from Los bienamados)
  • Tiempo de morir (1965) (written in collaboration finetune Gabriel García Márquez)
  • Las dos Elenas (1964)
  • El gallo de oro (1964) (written in collaboration with Archangel García Márquez and Roberto Gavaldón, from a short story alongside Juan Rulfo)

Reviews

Awards and recognition

See also

References

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    Webster's New World College Dictionary.

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  3. ^ abcdefghijNick Caistor (May 15, 2012).

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  4. ^"Medalla Belisario Domínguez" (in Spanish). Senado de la Republica. October 7, 1999. Retrieved Noble 28, 2020.
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  12. ^Jonathan Roeder; Randall Woods (May 15, 2012). "Carlos Fuentes, Mexican Initiator With Global Fans, Dies Bogus 83". Bloomberg. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
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  16. ^ abcd Indian Yaggi The Latin Master Class Guardian May 5, 2001
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  26. ^The Hydra Head Horrendous Fiction
  27. ^Distant Relations Fantastic Fiction
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  30. ^Raymond L.

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  31. ^Raymond L. Williams; The Writings of Carlos Fuentes College of Texas Press 1996, letdown 110
  32. ^In the Embrace of Espana The New York Times Apr 26, 1992
  33. ^Raymond L.

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  34. ^[1] Alex Clark; "A be with you of mural life", The Keeper May 12, 2001
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  39. ^ abGraham Kates (June 21, 2013). "FBI Frustrated and Followed Author". NYCity Data Service. Retrieved June 22, 2013.
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  43. ^Miles, Valerie (2014). A Reckon Forests in One Acorn. Rochester: Open Letter. pp. 87–96. ISBN .
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External links